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雅思阅读时间不够用怎么办?给你6个提高速度的建议
'Not having enough time' is the biggest problem for most people taking the reading test. Here are some tips for dealing with this problem:
1. Go straight to the first question. Don't waste time reading the full passage or the first sentence of each paragraph, and don't read any of the other questions.
直接看第一道题目，不要浪费时间读完全文或每一段的第一句，也不要读其它题目。
2. Do 'paragraph' questions last. Questions that ask you to match headings or statements with paragraphs are much easier if you are already familiar with the passage.
最后做匹配段落标题题型。当你对整篇文章内容比较了解的时候标题配对题会更加容易。
3. Don't get stuck on one question. As soon as you realise that you are having difficulties with a question, leave it and move to the next one. Return to difficult questions later if you have time.
不要卡在一道题上。一觉得这道题目很难，就放下它去做下一道。如果最后还有时间的话再来做难题。
4. Remember that the answers to most question sections are in order in the passage. You don't need to go back to the beginning of the passage to search for each answer.
记住大多数问题答案都是按顺序在文章中出现的。你不用从头开始找每道题。
5. Only skim or scan for numbers and names. Otherwise, read at normal speed.
略读或扫读文章和名字，其余部分都用正常速度阅读。
6. Work with an alarm. You can't do this in an exam, but at home you could set the alarm (on your phone) for 2 minutes and try to do each question within this time.
学习的时候要使用闹钟。你在考试的时候不允许带闹钟，但是在家你可以给自己设定做一道题目的时间是两分钟，在这个时间之内找到答案。
雅思阅读机经真题解析--Twin Study: Two of a kind
You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage below.
A
The scientific study of twins goes back to the late 19th century, when Francis Galton, an early geneticist, realized that they came in two varieties: identical twins born from one egg and non-identical twins that had come from two. That insight turned out to be key, although it was not until 1924 that it was used to formulate what is known as the twin rule of pathology, and twin studies really got going.
B
The twin rule of pathology states that any heritable disease will be more concordant (that is, more likely to be jointly present or absent) in identical twins than in non-identical twins—and. in turn, will be more concordant in non-identical twins than in non-siblings. Early work, for example, showed that the statistical correlation of skin-mole counts between identical twins was 0.4, while non-identical twins had a correlation of only 0.2. (A score of 1.0 implies perfect correlation, while a score of zero implies no correlation.) This result suggests that moles are heritable, but it also implies that there is an environmental component to the development of moles, otherwise the correlation in identical twins would be close to 1.0.
C
Twin research has shown that whether or not someone takes up smoking is determined mainly by environmental factors, but once he does so, how much lie smokes is largely down to his genes And while a person's religion is clearly a cultural attribute, there is a strong genetic component to religious fundamentalism. Twin studies arc also unraveling the heritability of various aspects of human personality. Traits from neuroticism and anxiety to thrill- and novelty-seeking all have large genetic components. Parenting matters, but it does not determine personality in the way that some had thought.
D
More importantly, perhaps, twin studies arc helping the understanding of diseases such as cancer, asthma, osteoporosis, arthritis and immune disorders. And twins can be used, within ethical limits, for medical experiments. A study that administered vitamin C to one twin and a placebo to the other found that it had no effect on the common cold. The lesson from all today's twin studies is that most human traits are at least partially influenced by genes. However, for the most part, the age-old dichotomy between nature and nurture is not very useful. Many genetic programs are open to input from the environment, and genes arc frequently switched on or off by environmental signals. It is also possible that genes themselves influence their environment. Some humans have an innate preference for participation in sports. Others are drawn to novelty. Might people also be drawn to certain kinds of friends and types of experience? In this way, a person's genes might shape the environment they act in as much as the environment shapes the actions of the genes.
E
In the past, such research has been controversial. Josef Mengele, a Nazi doctor working at the Auschwitz extermination camp during the Second World War, was fascinated by twins. He sought them out among arrivals at the camp and preserved them from the gas-chambers for a series of brutal experiments. After the war, Cyril Burt, a British psychologist who worked on the heredity of intelligence, tainted twin research with results that appear, in retrospect, to have been rather too good. Some of his data on identical twins who had been reared apart were probably faked. In any case, the prevailing ideology in the social sciences after the war was Marxist, and disliked suggestions that differences in human potential might have underlying genetic causes. Twin studies were thus viewed with suspicion.
F
The ideological pendulum has swung back; however, as the human genome project and its aftermath have turned genes from abstract concepts to real pieces of DNA. The role of genes in sensitive areas such as intelligence is acknowledged by all but a few die-hards. The interesting questions now concern how nature and nurture interact to produce particular bits of biology, rather than which of the two is more important Twin studies, which are a good way to ask these questions, are back in fashion, and many twins are enthusiastic participants in this research.
G
Research at the Twinsburg festival began in a small way, with a single stand in 1979. Gradually, news spread, and more scientists began turning up. This year, half a dozen groups of researchers were lodged in a specially pitched research tent. In one corner of this tent. Paul Breslin, who works at the Monell Institute in Philadelphia, watched over several tables where twins sat sipping clear liquids from cups and making notes. It was the team's third year at Twinsburg. Dr Breslin and his colleagues want to find out how genes influence human perception, particularly the senses of smell and taste and those (warmth, cold, pain, tingle, itch and so on) that result from stimulation of the skin. Perception is an example of something that is probably influenced by both genes and experience. Even before birth, people are exposed to flavours such as chocolate, garlic, mint and vanilla that pass intact into the bloodstream, and thus to the fetus. Though it is not yet clear whether such pre-natal exposure shapes taste-perception there is evidence that it shapes preferences for foods encountered later in life.
H
However, there are clearly genetic influences at work, as well—for example in the ability to taste quinine. Some people experience this as intensely bitter, even when it is present at very low levels. Others, whose genetic endowment is different, are less bothered by it. Twin studies make this extremely clear. Within a pair of identical twins, cither both, or neither, will find quinine hard to swallow. Non-identical twins will agree less frequently.
I
On the other side of the tent Dennis Drayna, from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, in Maryland, was studying hearing. He wants to know what happens to sounds after they reach the car. It is not clear, he says, whether sound is processed into sensation mostly in the ear or in the brain. Dr Drayna has already been involved in a twin study which revealed that the perception of musical pitch is highly heritable. At Twinsburg, he is playing different words, or parts of words, into the left and right ears of his twinned volunteers. The composite of the two sounds that an individual reports hearing depends on how he processes this diverse information and that, Dr Drayna believes, may well be influenced by genetics.
J
Elsewhere in the marquee, Peter Miraldi, of Kent State University in Ohio, was trying to find out whether genes affect an individual's motivation to communicate with others. A number of twin studies have shown that personality and sociability arc heritable, so he thinks this is fertile ground. And next to Mr. Miraldi was a team of dermatologists from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland. They are looking at the development of skin diseases and male-pattern baldness. The goal of the latter piece of research is to find the genes responsible for making men's hair fall out.
K
The busiest part of the tent, however, was the queue for forensic-science research into fingerprints The origins of this study are shrouded in mystery For many months, the festival's organizers have been convinced that the Secret Service—the American government agency responsible for, among other things, the safety of the president—is behind it. When The Economist contacted the Secret Service for more information, we were referred to Steve Nash, who is chairman of the International Association for Identification (LAI), and is also a detective in the scientific investigations section of the Marin County Sheriffs Office in California. The LAI, based in Minnesota, is an organization of forensic scientists from around the world. Among other things, it publishes the Journal of Forensic Identification.
Questions 14-18
The reading Passage has paragraphs A-K
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-K, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet
NB You may use any letter more than once.
14. Mentioned research conducted in Ohio
15. Medical contribution to the researches for twins.
16. Research situation under life threatening conditions
17. Data of similarities of identical twins
18. Reasons that make one study unconvincing
Questions 19-20
Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using No More Than Two Words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 19-20 on your answer sheet.
The first one that conducted research on twins is called 19 . He separated twins into two categories: non identical and identical twins. The twin research was used in medical application in as early as the year of 20 .
Questions 21-23
Choose the correct letters in following options:
Write your answers in boxes 21-23 on your answer sheet.
Please choose THREE research fields that had been carried out in Ohio, Maryland and Twinsburgh?
A Sense
B Cancer
C Be allergic to Vitamin D
D Mole heredity
E Sound
F Boldness of men
Questions 24-26
Choose the correct letters in following options:
Write your answers in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.
Please choose THREE results that had been verified in this passage.
A Non identical twins come from different eggs.
B Genetic relation between identical twins is closer than non-identical ones.
C Vitamin C has evident effect on a cold.
D Genetic influence to smoking is superior to environment's
E If a pregnant woman cats too much sweet would lead to skin disease.
F Hair loss has been found to be connected with skin problem.
体裁
论说文
题目
双胞胎研究
结构
A段
B段
C段
D段
E段
F段
G段
H段
（一句话概括每段大意）
双胞胎的分类
痣是会遗传的
人吸烟的数量与基因有关系
双胞胎研究帮助人们了解疾病
双胞胎研究存在很多质疑
基因影响知觉
基因影响听力
基因影响人们的社交能力
试题分析
Question 14-18
题目类型：MATCHING
题号
定位词
文中对应点
题目解析
14
Ohio
H段第一句Elsewhere in the marquee,Peter Miraldi, of Kent state university in Ohio
本题可以通过地点Ohio定位到H段第一句话，Elsewhere in the marquee,Peter Miraldi, of Kent state university in Ohio，was trying to find out中的find out对应提干里的research
15
medical
D段第一句twin studies are helping the understanding of diseases such as cancer, asthma...
通过提干里的medical我们就找与医疗有关的内容，而D段里的diseases就对应的medical
16
Life threatening
E段第三行preserved them from the gas-chambers for a series ofbrutal experiences,
提干里提到的Life threatening，我们知道要找与有生命危险相关的信息，可能有些同学不认识gas-chambers和brutal experiences，但我们一看到E段里的第二次世界大战时，就应该想到答案就在这段里。
17
Data, similarities, identical twins
B段三四行statistical correlation of skin-mole counts between identical twins was 0.4
其实这个题就根据一个data就可判断出答案在哪里，因为通篇只有第二段又很明显的data,然后定位到第二段具体读一下，通过statistical，identical twins was 0.4就可以确定答案就在本段。
18
Unconvincing
E段最后一句话twin studies were thus viewed with suspicion.
这个题首先须得认识提干里的Unconvincing，不然肯定没法做这个题，然后依据E段里的faked, disliked,suspicion中的任意一个词就可以判断出答案在此段。
Question 19-20
题目类型：SUMMARY
19
First person
A段第一句话they came in two varieties:identical twins..., non-identical twins
本题最好通过提干的第二句来定位，即he separated twins into two categories,清楚地对应到A段的第一句they came in two varieties，然后看到第一行唯一一个人名Francis Galton.
20
Medical application
A段it was not until 1924... the twin rule of pathology,
根据提干里的in as early as就知道答案一定是一个时间，再依据medical application，对应A段的pathology，那句话里只有一个时间即1924
Question 21-23
题目类型：MULTIPLE CHOICE
21
Ohio，Maryland
F段，F段六七行perception, sense
根据提干里的两个地点找出每个段落里的对应词，本题的对应点比较好找，所以比较简单，F是正确的。
22
同上
G段hearing
根据提干里的两个地点找出每个段落里的对应词，对应选项里的词汇，G是正确选项
23
同上
H段baldness
根据提干里的两个地点找出每个段落里的对应词，选项里的词汇与段落里的定位词基本完全对应，没有什么改写，所有相对比较简单。
Question 24-26
题目类型：MULTIPLE CHOICE
24
Non-identical, different eggs
A段第一句
依据Non-identical, different eggs定位到第一段的第一句，Non-identical that had come from two与A选项的Non-identical, different eggs意思完全一致，所有A选项正确。
25
Genetic relation, more than
B段第一句
B段第一句的heritage, concordant对应B选项的genetic relation,如果有同学不认识heritage, concordant这两个词，那依据第二句里的例子identical twins was 0.4 .., non-identical twins was 0.2一样可以选出B来，所以B也是正确选项。
26
smoking
C段第一句话
D选项的smoking定位到C段第一句，level of smoking与第二行里的how much he smokes是一样意思，所以D是正确的。记住，转折词譬如but后面的内容是关键内容，往往会有考点。
参考答案：
Version17308主题双胞胎研究
14
J
15
D
16
E
17
B
18
E
19
Francis Galton
20
1924
21
A
22
E
23
F
24
A
25
B
26
D
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